The figure to the right shows the Smith Chart. One is the set of complete circles whose centers lie on the straight line and the other one is the set of two arc circles which lie on the either sides of the straight line.
It consists of two sets of circles for plotting various parameters of mismatched transmission lines. The Smith Chart is the most used tool for microwave engineers to visualize complex-valued quantities and calculate the mapping between them. It is the circular plot of the characteristics of microwave components.
The Smith Chart is the graphical representation of a complex mathematical equation.
